| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2009 | Volume
: 12
| Issue : 1 | Page : 1-5 |
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Renal cancer in Maiduguri: An 8-year review of clinico-pathological pattern
AG Madziga1, N Ali1, HA Nggada2
1 Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
2 Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Correspondence Address:
N Ali
P. O. Box 2675, Maiduguri, Borno State
Nigeria
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
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Background: Primary renal cancer accounts for 10 - 20% of all genito-urinary tract malignancies. The present study determined its clinico-pathological pattern and outcome of management.
Methods: All patients with malignancies of the kidney seen between January 1999 and December 2007 were included in the study. These patients had surgery alone or in combination with preoperative/postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy and all specimens were confirmed malignant on histopathological examination.
Results: Forty-nine patients with renal malignancies were seen of which 26(55.1%) were males and 23(44.9%) were females. The adults comprised 30(61.2%) and children 19(38.8%). The mean age was 27.60 +/- 22.12 years (range 7months-70 years). The male: female ratio was 1.1:1 and the mean duration of symptoms was 12.56 months (range 1-48 months). The most frequent clinical features were loin pain, 17 (44.7%), and flank mass, 32(84.2%). Others included haematuria, 13(34.2%), fever, 19(50.0%) and anaemia, 15(39.5%). The main diagnostic investigations were ultrasonography and intravenous urography. Forty-seven (95.9) patients underwent radical unilateral nephrectomy and 2(4.1%) had debulking or lymph node biopsies because of non-resectable tumours. These two had chemotherapy and subsequent nephrectomy. The most frequent renal malignancy was renal cell carcinoma (44.9%) followed by nephroblastoma (38.8%) which accounted for all the childhood renal tumours. All the children with nephroblastoma had postoperative 17(89.5%) or preoperative 2(10.5%) combination chemotherapy. Common postoperative complications included anaemia, fever, and chest and wound infections. There were 3 known deaths (mortality rate of 6.1%). The main cause of death was advanced malignancy.
Conclusions: Renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of the kidney in the study population. Late presentation resulted in in-operable tumours with poor survival despite neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. |
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